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File formats at a glance.Formats

PDF file: What is it and how do you open it?

.pdf

PDF is a page-description document format designed to reproduce a fixed layout consistently. A PDF can contain text, vector graphics, raster images, fonts, forms, annotations and metadata.

Format at a glance

Full name
Portable Document Format
File extensions
.pdf
MIME types
application/pdf
Category
Documents
Compression
Depends on the contained codec
Transparency
Depends on the content
Animation
No
Properties
Multiple pages, Color profiles

Suitable tools

What is this format?

Portable Document Format describes pages rather than only storing a screenshot. Content may remain searchable and selectable, or a page may consist solely of scanned image data.

PDF supports several compression methods for different objects. Its final size therefore depends on embedded images, fonts, object structure and optional features rather than one universal quality setting.

What is it used for?

  • Contracts, invoices and official documents
  • Print-ready layouts and manuals
  • Forms and digitally signed documents
  • Scanned documents and searchable OCR copies

Which programs can open it?

  • Adobe Acrobat Reader
  • Chrome, Edge, Firefox and Safari
  • macOS Preview
  • Okular, Evince and other desktop PDF viewers

Support across devices and browsers

Windows

Browsers, Edge and dedicated readers open PDF directly.

macOS

Preview and Safari provide native viewing and annotation tools.

Linux

Okular, Evince and browsers provide broad support.

Android

Browsers, Google Drive and reader apps open PDF.

iOS

Files, Books, Safari and reader apps open PDF.

Browsers

Current browsers include PDF viewers, although advanced forms and signatures may require dedicated software.

Advantages

  • Stable page layout across platforms
  • Can combine text, vectors, images and fonts
  • Broad support for viewing, printing and archiving

Disadvantages

  • Editing is harder than editing the source document
  • Scanned PDFs may not contain searchable text
  • Complex forms, signatures, encryption or multimedia are not supported equally by every viewer

Comparison with alternatives

PDF vs. EPUB

PDF preserves fixed pages; EPUB usually reflows text to the reader's screen and font settings.

PDF vs. PNG

PNG stores one raster image; PDF can contain many pages and selectable text or vectors.

PDF vs. SVG

SVG describes one scalable graphic; PDF is a paginated document container.

LocalFileLab support

InputSupported

PDF.js and PDF libraries read pages locally in the browser.

OutputSupported

LocalFileLab can create PDF from compatible images, text and supported documents.

CompressionSupported

Light mode restructures objects; stronger modes rasterize pages and may remove searchable text.

PreviewSupported

An embedded local PDF preview is available.

MetadataNot supported

Basic document metadata can be removed during compression; not every PDF metadata structure is preserved or editable.

Related formats

Frequently asked questions

Why can I not select text in a PDF?

The page may be a scan consisting only of pixels. OCR is required to create a searchable text layer or extract text.

Does compressing a PDF reduce quality?

It depends on the method. Object cleanup can be lossless, while rasterizing or recompressing page images reduces fidelity and can remove selectable text.

Can every PDF be edited?

No. Permissions, signatures, flattened content, missing fonts and scan-only pages can limit editing.